System of electrical distribution.



P. M. LINCOLN. Y SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

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irlllmlllmll WITNESSES:

ATTORNEY P. M. LINCOLN. SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

V APPLIUATION FILED DBO. 3, 1906. 941,372.

Patented NOV. 30, 1909.

2 sums-41mm 9- WITNESSES I vwon PAUL M. LINCOLN. OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOB TO WESTINGHOUSE ELEC'IBIO dz MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A. CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 30, 1909.

Application filed December 8, 1906. Serial No. 848,016.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PAUL M. Lmconn, a citizen of the United States. and a resident of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Systems of Electrical Distribution, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to systems of alternating current electrical distribution, and it has for its object to provide means that shall be simple in arrangement and efiective in operation for automatically) equalizing the load on an electric generator y compensating for the current variations in the circuit supplied therefrom.

My improved equalizing system comprises, in general, a rotary converter or other current-rectifying device, a storage battery connected thereto, and a booster generator interposed between the main circuit and the rotary converter.

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a iagrammatic view of a system of distribntion embodying'my invention, and Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modified system in which a correction is made for the fluctuations of load on the direct current circuits of the system.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, electrical energy is supplied from a generator 1, through main line conductors 2, 3 and 4, to a motor 5, which may be em loyed for op-- erating the rolls in a steel mi 1 or for other purposes. In order that the demands upon the generator 1 ma be substantially constant and of a minimum amount, irrespective of the varying loads on the motor 5, an equalizing system is provided which comprises a rotary converter (5, a storage battery 7 connected thereto, and a booster generator S that is connected to the line couductors 2, 3 and 4 thron h a transformer 9 and is mechanically coup cd and electrically connected to the rotary converter 6.

The relative angular position of the armatures of the rotary converter and the booster generator is such that the electromotive force of the booster gtmcrator is in phase with the alternating current, i-ilmatroluotivo force of the rotary converter and of the line. \Vheu those conditions obtain, the oleclirumotivn force of the booster will either directly 0])- pose or directly assist the elcctromotivo force of the line, according to its lield excitation.

The rotary converter is rovided with a field magnet winding 11 an with a starting rheostat 10 which is included in the direct current external circuit of the machine, energy being sulplplied from the storage battery 7 for fie excitation and in starting. The field magnet winding 12 of the booster generator 8 is energized from an exciter 13 which is driven by a motor 14. The motor 14 may be of any suitable constant speed variety and may be energized from any con venient source, such as the store e battery 7, and it is provided, in the usua manner, with a field magnet winding 15 and a startin rheostat 16.

e operation of the ethualizer is as follows: Assuming that, an or average load conditions, the field ma et winding 12 of the booster generator 8 1S delinergized; that the rotary converter is operatin in synchronism with the generator 1, and that the' number of cells comprised in the storage battery 7 is such that the normal voltage of the battery corresponds to the direct current voltage of the rotary converter the current taken from the enerator under varying loads may be equa ized by suitabl excitingthe field magnet winding of the ouster generator.

If the field magnet winding 12 is supplied with energy that depends, in direction and amount. upon the variations in current in the main circuit above and below the predetermined amount for average conditions, energy will be supplied to the storage battery 7 when the load on the motor 5 is lightaud energy will be taken from the battery when the load on the motor is relatively heavy.

in order that the regulation of the ('1 unlizcr may be automatic, a balanced regu ntor l? is employed to govern the energy so plicd to the field magnet winding 18 of tie earlier [3. This regulator comprises two similar resistances ll) und 20, which are di- 100 ridcd into a plurality of Sl't'llllllS by contuct members 21 and 22. a rocking beam 23 and movable ronlnt'l arms .24 and 25 that are claim-(ted by links 26 lo the opposite ends of the rocking beam. ing beam may be dclermiiwd by the torque of a molar .27 which acts in opposition to a spring 2.. \Vbcu u predotcrumm'l current l-rarvrsos the circuit 2 --1l---4, the torque onol'ted by the lllUiUl' completely neutralizes H0 'lbo position of the rockthe action of the spring, the rocking beam 23 occupies its mid iositiou and the movable contact arms 24 and 25 make electrical connection to the middle points of the resistances l9 and 20. Corresponding terminals of the resistances are connected to opposite terminals of the storage battery 7 and the movable contact arms 24 and '25 are connected to the neutral point of the battery through the field magnet winding 18.

A stator winding 29 of the motor 27 1s delta-connected to the line conductors 2, 3 and '-l and a rotor winding 30 is energized from the star-connected secondary of a three-phase series transformer 31 the primary coils of which are connected in the interrupted line circuits :2, 3 and 4. The motor windings air so designed as to exert a torque equal and opposite to the spring 28 when the rocking eam occupies its mid-position and when a definite current value corresponding to the average load on the system traversesthe main line conductors 2, 3 and 4. Under these conditions, as hereinbefore explained, contact is made to the middle points of the resistances l9 and 20 by the arms 2% and 25 and, consequently, no current is supplied to the tield magnet winding 13 of the exciter 13. 11'', however, the current traversing the main circuit exceeds the average amount, the motor toiqne will predominate and the rocking beam 23 wil be so moved as to increase the active portion of the resistance 20 and to decrease that of the resistance 19. When these conditions obtain, energy will be supplied from the terminal 31" of the battery 7 through conductors 32 and 33, the active portion of the resistance 19. contact arm 25 and conductor 34 to the field magnet winding 18, from which point circuitis completed to the neutral point of the battery. 0n the other hand. if the curr'nt traversing the main line circuit falls below the average amount, the spring torque will )redominate and the I'Ut'kll'lg beam 23 won] be so moved as to increasithe actire portion of the resistance 1!) and to decrease the active portion of the resistam-e 2t). linder these conditions, energy will be supplied from the neutral point of the battery 7, through coln'lurtor 35 to the magnet winding 18, and the circuit will he completed through conductor 34, contnct arm '24. the active portion of the resistance 20 and conductor 36 to the. terminal 37 of the battery.

It will he observed that energy supplied to the magnet. winding 18 is reversed when the current in the main circuit varies from a value above a predetermined amount to a value below that amount and vice versa and, in accordance with well known principles,

the reversal of this magnet winding will brig? about the reversal of the current so 11 to the magnet winding 12 of t e ooster generator 8.

Referring to Fig. 2, in which corresponding parts and circuits are designated b the same reference characters as those of ig. 1, translating devices 38 are connected to the direct current circuit conductors 32 and 36.

An eleetro-magnet 39 acts on the arm 23 in opposition to a spring 40, to a greater or less d according to the amount of current mien from the circuit 3236, since the ma et windin 41 is connected in series wit the line con actor 32. Under theseconditions, ener will be supplied both from the battery 7 an the direct current circuit of the rotary to the conductors 32 and 36, in case the booster voltage opposes that of the generator 1 or if the booster assists the enerator voltage, energy will be supplied rom the rotary converter, both to the load and to the battery, through the conductors 32 and 36.

The detailed operation of the system will readily be understood from that hereinbefore contained for the system of Fig. 1.

It is conceivable that various modifications in the circuit arrangements of the systems illustrated in the drawings may be effected without departing from the spirit of my invention, and, conse uently, I desire that only such limitations all be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

The combination with an alternating current circuit, a. rotary converter, :1 storage battery connected thereto, and a booster generator interposed between the circuit and the rotary converter, of a field mug net winding for the booster aerator, an exciter generator therefor, a lie (1 magnet winding for the exciter, reversing means for said winding comprising two similar resistances connected to opposite ends of the storage battery, means for connecting the field ma net winding between a neutral point of t e battery and intermediate points in the said resistances, and an operating motor for simultaneously varying the points of connections to the resistances in opposite directions, and current and voltage windings for the motor that are energized from the alternating can rent circuit.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 28th day of November, I906.

PAUL M. LlNCt )LN. 

